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From the sub-arctic muskeg surrounding Hudson Bay to the fertile soils and temperate climate of the Kawarthas, Ontario is a diverse landscape. Each part of the province offers something different. Northwestern Ontario is a land of lakes and open space, home to Hudson and James Bay and an abundant wildlife population. Northeastern Ontario is filled with cottages, offering warmer weather than in the northwest as well as some of the best lake fishing in the province. In the southeast, the St. Lawrence Corridor provides a habitat for white-tail deer, wild turkey and moose and flowing water for a variety of salmon and trout to flourish. The southwest enjoys open fields, wetlands and access to both Lake Erie and Lake Huron, which both offer excellent fishing and recreation. Often considered the centre of Ontario, the Greater Toronto Area is the province's main hub.

The diversity of the province has definitely caught the eyes of anglers and hunters the world over. Ontario's boreal forest, open fields, uncountable lakes and thriving rivers provide an unmatchable backdrop for a variety of hunting and fishing expeditions. The province and its citizens have also recognized this, and the infrastructure is in place for responsible and rewarding sport.

This guide is intended to give an introduction to the province's hunting and fishing industries, providing regional overviews, wildlife profiles and other pertinent information to help ensure a safe and successful trip for sportsmen visiting the province.

All revenue from the sales of hunting and fishing licences in the province is used exclusively for fish and wildlife management, helping to ensure that future generations will be able to challenge themselves against some of Canada's most abundant species. More information on hunting and fishing licenses can be found here.

NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO

Geography

Northwestern Ontario stretches from Lake Superior and the Minnesota-Ontario border all the way north to Hudson Bay. This area is home to over 100,000 freshwater lakes and rivers, a number higher than the entire human population of the region. These bodies of water offer some of the most abundant fishing in all of Canada, with a trophy catch just a hook and bait away. The section of Northwestern Ontario with the highest concentration of lakes is Sunset Country, the area surrounding Kenora and spreading east past Thunder Bay. These lakes are home to a variety of walleye, trout and trophy muskie. Sunset Country is not just a land of lakes, but is also home to over 156,000 sq km (60,000 sq mi) of boreal forest. Moose, deer and black bears all call the coniferous forests of Northwestern Ontario home, and their presence attracts big game hunters the world over. This combination of wetlands and expansive forest makes Northwestern Ontario a prime destination for migratory birds. Canada geese, mallards, blue bills and other ducks migrate through during the fall, often in large numbers.

Hunting

Moose

Moose (Alces alces)
The thick morning mist, dense boreal forest, remote locale and an abundance of fresh water are all contributing factors to the continued prosperity of moose in this area. The moose of Northwestern Ontario, like moose everywhere, are extremely large. An adult male (bull) can weigh upwards of 630 kg (1389 lbs), with smaller females averaging around 355 kg (783 lbs). For those looking for the thrill of hunting North America's largest ungulate, look no further. Ontario's largest recorded moose was taken just north of Kenora, in the heart of Sunset Country.

The beautiful region gives eager hunters multiple ways to hunt these grand beasts, combining gun, bow and muzzleloader seasons with a diverse landscape and a plentiful moose population. If looking for the ultimate challenge, Sunset Country is a prime locale for winter hunts. These snow-filled adventures allow dedicated hunters to track and stalk moose throughout a winter landscape. Non-residents of the province who wish to hunt moose are required to obtain valid hunting accreditation and be a registered guest at a tourist establishment. Kenora is a popular base for hunters in the region, with the town's lodges, cabins, campgrounds and backcountry accomodators providing an assortment of accomodation options.

Fishing

Walleye (Sander vitreus)
The sheer abundance of lakes, rivers and streams found in Northernwestern Ontario make it a veritable angler's Disneyland. With so many lakes, many go un-fished from season-to-season, leaving booming populations for future fishers. A popular catch for sport fishers is always walleye, and Ontario is chock full of them. Sunset Country, with its large, deep lakes, provides a perfect habitat for this cool water species. The fish thrive in the waters of Sunset Country, often growing to full maturity and beyond. Ontario walleye average between 0.7 kg (1.5 lb) and 1.35 kg (3 lb), with 5 kg (11 lb) walleye being quite possible. The record catch in Ontario was a whopping 10.1 kg (22.3 lb). Walleyes have great vision in low-light situations, causing them to feed during the evening. Morning and evening are the two best times to cast, with many anglers finding success under the watch of the moon. These fish are often considered to have the best tasting flesh of all freshwater fish and the northwest offers anglers a prime opportunity to enjoy an Ontario custom: fresh pan-fried walleye served over a roaring fire.

Just one hour east of Thunder Bay, anglers flock to Nipigon Lake in search of bountiful walleye populations. Located in North Central Ontario, the lake is typical of others on the Canadian Shield, with clear, deep waters, numerous islands and a mosaic of fish species. Ontario's largest inland lake is a great spot to snag a walleye, and should also be considered when searching for brook and lake trout. Fishing trip companies have set up throughout the region and can help anglers find remote lakes and streams where the scenery is breathtaking and the fish abundant.

Muskie (Esox masquinongy)
Muskies are rare, sequestered to parts of Ontario, Quebec and the Mississippi River. They are the largest fish in the pike family and are aggressive like their northern pike relatives. Muskies have incredible endurance, and that, combined with their aggressive nature, make for a challenging catch. Not only are these fish feisty, they are also extremely large. Northwestern Ontario has produced multiple 20 kg (44 lb) trophy fish and many agree that a world-record catch is lurking somewhere in the province. Late summer and early fall are prime muskie seasons, and many anglers find success during the morning and evening. When fishing for muskie it is important to remember the nature and size of these fish. Their teeth are razor-sharp and great care must be used when handling them. Muskie are rare and their niche is delicate, so only the largest trophy catches are kept. All others should be released to insure the continued success of the fish in Ontario.

	Lake of the Woods1

Along the Ontario-Manitoba border lies Lake of the Woods, with its 104,650 km (65,000 mi) of shoreline, long bays and countless islands. The lake is close to Kenora and provides a special place for anglers to explore the area's small islands, eagerly anticipating a showdown with the lake's largest predator. Kenora and surrounding Sunset Country facilitate a number of fishing tour companies, which can help anglers new to the area with all the knowledge, equipment and facilities that are needed for a succesful day on the water.

Transportation

Northwestern Ontario is accessible from almost every major airport in North America. Flying into Thunder Bay Airport takes travellers directly into the heart of the region. Winnipeg, Manitoba, and International Falls, Minnesota, both offer airports that are just a short regional flight into Thunder Bay. Once in the area, a taxi can whisk visitors to their respective destination. Many resorts and lodges in the area also offer airport pickup—so make sure to check before departing. There are also a variety of charter and floatplane services that can take sportsmen to some of the more remote areas of Northernwestern Ontario. For those choosing to drive, US Highways 53 or 71 both lead to border crossings along the Minnesota-Ontario border. Highway 17 in Canada cuts right through the heart of Sunset Country.

NORTHEASTERN ONTARIO

Ontario's Sport Fish Species NORTHWEST ONTARIO • Walleye, muskie, brook trout, lake trout, chinook salmon, pike NORTHEAST ONTARIO • Walleye, bass, lake trout, pike, perch, whitefish SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO • Carp, black crappie, pike, chinook salmon, steelhead, various trout SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO • Steelhead, perch, walleye, bass, chinook salmon, pike GREATER TORONTO AREA • Chinook salmon, steelhead, bass, carp, panfish, pike, walleye

Geography

Northeastern Ontario begins near the southern tip of James Bay and extends down into Rainbow Country and the shoreline of Lake Superior. It is a popular area filled with cottages but also offers wide-open space for both hunting and fishing. The area is more populated that Northwestern Ontario—with over 500,000 residents. The region's major cities include Sudbury, Timmins and Sault Ste. Marie. Rainbow Country, which is the area surrounding Sudbury along Georgian Bay, offers world-class sport fishing and the winter months make it a special spot for ice hut fishing on the bay's frozen waters. In the more remote north, the James Bay Frontier provides a stunning landscape for a variety of hunts, no matter the season. Northeastern Ontario is home to lake trout, pike and brook trout as well as both black bears and moose, who patrol the region's forests, wetlands and shoreline.

Hunting

Black Bear (Ursus americanus)
Ontario's bear population has been estimated between 75,000 and 100,000 bears, one of the largest black bear populations in the world. These omnivores are found throughout eastern Ontario, where bear-hunting season usually runs from mid-August into October. Black bears are strong, and males weigh from 110 to 270 kg (243 to 595 lbs). Their eyesight is comparable to humans and they have a highly developed sense of hearing and smell. They can locate their next meal from 1.5 km (0.9 mi) away. They generally avoid contact with humans but they are one of Ontario's largest predators and need to be respected. It is imperative that all campsites are kept neat and bear-proof. It is also important to remember that all bear hunters are required to wear hunter orange in Ontario. Most hunters use high-powered rifles when hunting black bears in Ontario, but bow hunting has become increasingly popular. As with moose hunters, black bear hunters are required to obtain the services of a tourism-approved outfitter in order to obtain a hunting licence. A variety of outfitters can be found in both Rainbow Country and the James Bay Frontier.

Fishing

Northern Pike (Esox lucius)
The northern pike, a carnivorous fish, is also one of the world's largest fresh water species. These monsters can tip the scales at 13.5 kg (29.8 lbs) and above in the lakes of Ontario. Often referred to as the "Water Wolf", the northern pike is cannibalistic and its aggressive nature leads to exciting fishing. The ensnared fish will frequently vault out of the water, jolting both the line and the angler. When patrolling the lakes of Northeastern Ontario make sure to cast near rocky reefs or the edges of weed beds, as the pike likes to lurk there, waiting to ambush its prey or be coaxed onto the end of an angler's hook. Northern pike are fished primarily for sport as their bone-filled flesh make for a cautious meal.

	Hunting Near North Bay2

Lake Nippising, located between North Bay and Sudbury, is Ontario's fifth largest lake (not counting the Great Lakes) and is saturated with northern pike, as well as walleye, bass and muskie. Lake Nippising is also an ice fishing haven, with over 2,000 huts established on the lake during the winter months. As with the rest of Northern Ontario, Rainbow Country has an established group of fishing tour operators who can help with the logistics of planning a fishing trip.

Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Walleye are not the only fish that find the cool waters of Northeastern Ontario inviting. The lake trout, one of the rarest trout species, offers anglers an elusive catch and a unique sporting memory. Around one-quarter of the world's lake trout population resides in Ontario, making it one of the most distinct fish in the region. Lake trout are most active during spring and fall. They cruise the shorelines near overhanging trees and submerged wood, enjoying the tepid waters. While shore fishing is possible, navigating around the lake in a canoe or boat provides the highest rates of success. A variety of canoe and fishing outfitters service the area, allowing for fishers to rent appropriate transportation and equipment. These fish are prized as both food and game, with the Ontario record weighing a remarkable 28.7 kg (63.1 lbs).

Lake Temagami 3

Lake Temagami, located about 100 km (60 mi) north of North Bay, is one of Ontario's most desirable lake trout fishing spots. The long, finger-like bays, 1,600 small islands and various inlets make for a perfect environment for both fish and fisher. The areas old growth pine forests and clear blue waters add to the experience. Lake Temagami also harbours large populations of bass and walleye. With North Bay being Lake Temagami's closest city, it is a favourable spot for anglers to secure accommodations in the area.

Transportation

Northeastern Ontario is easily accessible, with an abundance of local airports and a dedicated highway system. Airports in Timmins, Sudbury, North Bay and Sault Ste. Marie provide transportation links to major Canadian centres such as Ottawa and Toronto, as well as offering charter flights to various outposts throughout Ontario. Highways 17 and 11 connect all the major destinations in the area and link this part of Ontario with the rest of the province.

SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO

Geography

Southeastern Ontario is known primarily for its largest city and Canada's capital, Ottawa. While this area of the province is more populated than in the north, it still enjoys vast acres of pristine nature, clear lakes and streams and countless outdoor opportunities. The beautiful St. Lawrence Corridor is home to the city of Kingston, as well as some of the best spots to salmon and trout fish in the province. The northern shores of Lake Ontario also provide excellent fishing opportunities, with large-mouth bass, rainbow, brown and lake trout all found within its depths. Southcentral Ontario is home to thriving wetlands, which are prime moose habitats, and white-tail deer, wild turkey and Canada geese are all found within this region.

Hunting

	White-tail Deer 4

White-tail deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
White-tail deer enjoy a strong population in Ontario, with over 325,000 deer roaming the southern half of the province. The animals enjoy southern Ontario's mild winters and have adapted well to an increasingly encroaching human population. Hunters in the province benefit from this prosperity, with deer hunters enjoying the longest of any big game season in Ontario, from early September to mid-December. While populous in other parts of North America, the backdrop of Southeastern Ontario's St. Lawrence Corridor provides hunters with an enthralling environment for a memorable hunt. The area between Ottawa and Lake Ontario is dense with deer as well as outfitters and guides, and is a popular starting point for Ontario big game hunts. With choice of bow, shotgun, rifle and muzzleloader licences, hunters can stalk, drive, still-hunt or even track the swift animals with trained hounds. The potential is nearly endless.

There are a few important things to remember when hunting white-tail deer in Ontario. The deer are able to reach speeds of 65 km/h (40 mph) and bound almost 6 m (20 ft). They can become extremely elusive when alarmed, so patience should be exercised when hunting from close-range. While hunting on private land, remember to obtain permission from the landowner and be aware of fellow hunters. All hunters must wear hunter orange during gun season.

Fishing

Black Crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus)
Popular as a game fish, black crappies are smaller fish that prefer slow-moving, clear water. They are a scrappy fish that can be caught with relative ease. Considered a panfish (since they usually fit in a standard frying pan), crappies are the largest of Ontario's small-fries. These smaller fish are excellent for rookie anglers as well as those looking to incorporate the entire family into a fishing vacation. As ice clears in April or May, crappie move inshore to feed and become readily available for waiting hooks. Morning and evening are prime times to fish for crappie. However, they do also bite during the day, especially on days when the weather is overcast.

Exploring Algonquin Provincial Park5

Some of the best crappie fishing in the region is along the Ottawa River. The Rideau River also offers a prime crappie environment. They can also be found in all the Great Lakes. The Ottawa Valley is a popular area for a variety of recreational opportunities, and fishing is no exception. The city of Pembroke puts anglers near the Ottawa River and Algonquin Provincial Park and is a central location for lodging in the area.

Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
A distant relative of the goldfish, the common carp is native to Asia and Europe. It has been introduced to environments worldwide and is popular with anglers due to its incredible size. In Ontario's southern lakes, carp have tipped the scales at over 18 kg (40 lbs). With the largest carp ever recorded weighing an enormous 37.3 kg (82.2 lbs), many speculate that carp as large as 22.5 kg (50 lbs) could be found in Ontario. Carp are tolerent of many different conditions but prefer large and relatively calm bodies of water. May through June and September through October are prime carp fishing months, and are also the two times of the year when Ontario's bug population is relatively small.

Upper Chemung Lake is located 15 minutes outside of Peterborough and is a popular carp fishing spot. Fishers can enjoy the splendour and hospitality of The Kawarthas region while scouring the shores for fish. Fishing tour companies have been set up throughout the region, leading anglers to the some of the finest fishing holes in the province.

Transportation

Southeastern Ontario is serviced by Ottawa International Airport, which makes this region easily accesible from most North American destinations. Hundreds of flights arrive daily, with regional flights capable of delivering hunters and anglers to smaller airports throughout the province. The 401 highway runs perpendicular to Lake Ontario and links the entire southern section of the province. The southern part of Ontario is densely populated so the infrastructure is in place to make most areas accesible by motorized transportation. During the winter months snowmobiling and snowshoeing are two unique transportation alternatives when planning a snowy hunting or fishing expedition.

	Ontario's Gaming Wildlife NORTHWEST ONTARIO • Moose, white-tail deer, black bear, Canada geese NORTHEAST ONTARIO • Moose, white-tail deer, black bear SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO • Moose, white-tail deer, black bear, wild turkey, Canada geese SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO • White-tail deer, wild turkey, Canada geese GREATER TORONTO AREA • White-tail deer, wild turkey, Canada geese

SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

Geography

Southwestern Ontario is densely populated and speckled with cities and towns. It is also a prosperous agricultural region, with tobacco, soybean and wheat fields filling the rural landscape. Georgian Bay, Lake Erie and Lake Huron can all be fished from Southwestern Ontario shores, giving anglers an opportunity to snag various salmon, trout, walleye, perch and pike. Grand River Country is home to Ontario's largest river, the aptly named Grand River. The river supports a large fishery and is teeming with walleye, trout and bass. The Bruce Peninsula area is flanked by Lake Huron and Georgian Bay, thereby offering a myriad of fishing opportunities. The region has also seen the succesful reintroduction of the wild turkey and is awash with Canada geese and other waterfowl. The Niagara Region also offers excellent fishing opportunities, with Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the Niagara River all within close proximity.

Hunting

Canada Geese (Branta canadensis)
Throughout the agricultural areas of southern Ontario, Canada geese populate the barley, corn and wheat fields. These majestic birds can reach almost 7 kg (15.4 lbs) in weight and the hunting season is generally from early September until February. In Southern Ontario, resident geese are often found in large numbers at Luther Marsh Conservation Area in Grand River Country. It is one of Ontario's most significant wetlands and over 230 species of birds have been spotted in the area. The conservation area is in close proximity to the Grand River, allowing for outdoor enthusiasts to enjoy a goose hunt one day and some trout fishing the next. Field hunting is also a popular way to hunt geese and the region's barley and alfalfa fields provide an ideal setting. Since these fields are often on private land, permission must be attained before the hunt. A network of guides has begun to spring up in the area who can help pre-arrange these types of hunts.

Fishing

Salmon are Abundant in Lake Huron

Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Located throughout the Great Lakes and various tributaries, chinook salmon provide anglers with trophy fishing and delicious meals. Salmon were initially introduced to the Great Lakes in order to help restore the ecological balance of the lake system and the past thirty years has seen that balance restored. The region's fisheries take great pride in their stocking programs and one reward has been great salmon fishing far from the Pacific Ocean. The chinooks in Ontario can get very large, with the record catch eclipsing 20 kg (45 lbs). The average size varies between 4 kg to 13 kg (8.8 to 28.6 lbs).

Lake Huron is renowned for its salmon fishery and its success has created a salmon fisher's paradise, east of the Pacific Ocean. It is the 3rd largest Great Lake (in volume) and has been a prosperous fishery site due to the lake's extreme depths. Various sites along the Canadian shoreline offer excellent potential for success. Lake Huron is also full of coho and pink salmon, steelhead and lake trout. The area of Bruce Peninsula covers both Lake Huron and Georgian Bay, and fishing tours have been established in order to maximize fishing success.

Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)
One of the tastiest fish found in Ontario waters is perch. They are stocked throughout the Great Lakes and hundreds are scooped every year in commercial nets. Although many make it into local restaurants and grocery stores, many remain. During the spring, when perch come inshore to spawn, it is common for anglers to be found shoulder to shoulder on public docks. During this time the fish like to school up, concentrating their numbers in a small area. Anglers often deploy multiple hooks baited with minnows and worms in the hopes of catching two or three fish at once.

	Fishing on the Grand River 6

Lake Erie is one of the province's most talked about perch fishing spots. The lake's shallow depths, subsequently warmer temperatures and fertile soils make it extremely productive. Perch thrive throughout the lake, sticking near the shore during spring, moving out towards the middle during summer and back to the shallows in fall. Walleye, salmon and trout are also found thriving in Lake Erie, giving anglers a variety of options.

Transportation

Southwestern Ontario is easily reachable by both land and sky. American hunters and anglers can drive into the region from both Michigan and New York, with multiple border crossings at each locale. The Hamilton International Airport, London International Airport and the Region of Waterloo International Airport all handle various North American flights and offer frequent flights to and from Toronto. Once in the region, a variety of taxis, car rentals and bus charters make getting around simple. The dense population is supported by a strong infrastructure, which makes most areas of Southwestern Ontario easily accessible.

GREATER TORONTO AREA (GTA)

Geography

The Greater Toronto Area is Canada's largest metropolitan area, home to over 5.6 million people in 2005. Centred around the city of Toronto, the GTA is full of big city attractions and urban amenities. Although almost one out of every five Canadians calls this region home, there is a network of lakes and rivers surrounding the city. Including Lake Ontario, these bodies of water allow for a variety of outdoor opportunities such as goose hunting and bass, salmon, trout and carp fishing. All of this can be experienced mere minutes from the grandeur and spectacle of Toronto.

Hunting

Wild Turkeys During Winter

Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
The present-day provincial population of wild turkeys exceeds 30,000, which is momentous considering they were once completely absent from the Ontario landscape. This success in conservation has allowed Ontario to offer the excitement and challenge that only turkey hunting can provide. The males are impressive, sometimes growing up to 1.2 m (4 ft) tall and weighing upwards of 9 kg (20 lbs). Females can be just as tall but are usually between 3.6 and 5.4 kg (8 to 12 lbs) in weight. The spring hunting season coincides with turkey mating season, and proud males (toms) can often be lured with female (hen) calls. It is important to remember that the males are extremely cautious when mating, and their excellent sense of sight and hearing allow them to often scurry to safety after detecting a careless hunter. As most of the hunts will take place on private land, it is often wise to have a local guiding service/tour operator assist in the hunt.

Fishing

Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Migratory rainbow trout are also known as steelhead, and they are some of the most highly-prized trophy fish in Ontario. Originally non-native to the province, human expansion transplanted these fish in various locales throughout the world. Much like chinook salmon, they have now become self-sustaining and offer anglers in Ontario a challenge that previously only the Pacific Ocean could provide. These steelheads can get relatively large, ranging from 2.5 to 10 kg (5.5 to 22 lbs). Steelhead are anadromous and return to their initial hatching ground in order to spawn. It is during these spawns that their numbers spike and lucky anglers bask in nature's abundance.

Located just outside of Mississauga, the Credit River plays host to two massive steelhead runs, with some estimates claiming that over 10,000 trout partake every year. Steelhead can be found in the river from late August until May with peak runs occuring in early winter and early spring. The runs are timed after heavy rains or spring snow melt. Fishing tour companies in the area offer private and group charters.

Large-mouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Large-mouth bass prefer a warm and calm environment, so the majority of bass in Ontario are caught in southern waters. They are one of the globe's most recognized sport fish and numerous competitions, challenges and fishing tours have been established in their honour. They prefer shallow cover, and can often be found trolling near weeds and rocky outcrops. Large-mouth bass are a smaller fish, with average sizes between 0.7 and 1.8 kg (1.5 to 4 lbs). The provincial benchmark currently stands at 4.7 kg (10.3 lbs). The fish has a large range throughout Ontario.

Lake Scugog, which is located minutes from Toronto, is a man-made, shallow lake that is teeming with bass. The western shore of the lake constantly produces results with fish as large as 2.7 kg (5.9 lbs) being pulled from that advantageous spot. Anglers on Lake Scugog should remember to use a heavy line, as the lake is dense with weeds and can make reeling in a panicked bass difficult. The fishing is excellent, and allows for anglers to enjoy Toronto's world-class accommodations and attractions after a day on the river.

Transportation

Lester B. Pearson International Airport is Canada's busiest airport, and is located just 32 km (20 mi) from downtown Toronto. Flights depart and arrive to and from destinations throughout the world. Almost every major airport in the world can connect with Pearson and the airport can also connect travellers with more remote destinations throughout the province. In keeping with its urban stature, a variety of taxi and car rental services are also available out of Toronto and the entire area of Southern Ontario is connected by the 400-series of highways and municipal expressways. Visitors will also find that the GTA is connected by an extensive mass transit system, GO Transit. All of these travel options make it possible to experience all that the region—and the rest of Ontario—has to offer.

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PHOTO COURTESY

1. Tourism Ontario; Lake of the Woods; Kenora, ON, Canada
2. Tourism Ontario; Hunting Near North Bay; North Bay, ON, Canada
3. Tourism Ontario; Lake Temagami; Lake Temagami, ON, Canada
4. Tourism Ontario; White-tail Deer; Point Pelee, ON, Canada
5. Tourism Ontario; Exploring Algonquin Provincial Park; Pembroke, ON, Canada
6. Tourism Ontario; Fishing on the Grand River; Grand River, ON, Canada